![]() ![]() The primary vasodilator released by the endothelium is nitric oxide (NO). It plays a central role in the regulation of vascular tone, thrombosis, and inflammation through the release of a number of paracrine factors.Īmong the regulatory roles, the main role of the endothelium is regulating vascular tone. The EC layer acts not only as a passive barrier to keep cells and proteins from escaping freely into the tissue, but also as a source of several vasoactive substances. In addition, ECs interact with various circulating factors in the blood stream and react to these changes to maintain homeostasis. The endothelium is a single layer of cells that lines the blood vessel lumen, and organizes the growth and development of underlying connective tissue cells that form the surrounding layers of the blood vessel wall. In this review article, we summarize findings concerning the interaction between the endothelium and ANS in the pathologic process of atherosclerosis. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is considered to be one of the potent factors that affects the behavior of endothelial function from outside of vessels. However, the interaction between the endothelial system and other systems outside of vessels has not been well explained. 2) In addition, endothelial cells (ECs) are also affected from the basal side extracellularly. These factors affect the endothelium from the luminal side of vessels. Risk factors for the progression of atherosclerosis such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and smoking, generally impair endothelial function. The understanding of the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction is of critical importance in designing a therapeutic strategy to inhibit the atherosclerotic process. 1) The endothelium plays a key regulatory role in vascular homeostasis. The initiation and progression of atherosclerosis depends on profound dynamic changes in vascular biology. ![]()
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